Reduced / Stopped Gut Motility (GI Stasis)

Gastrointestinal stasis, often referred to as “GI stasis,” is a common veterinary emergency in rabbits. It is a condition in which the rabbit’s digestive system slows down or stops functioning properly, leading to a buildup of gas, waste, and undigested material in the intestines. This condition can be life-threatening if not treated promptly, which is why it is crucial for rabbit owners to understand its causes, symptoms, and preventive measures.

Causes of GI stasis

Several factors can contribute to gastrointestinal stasis in rabbits:

1. Inappropriate diet: A diet low in fiber and high in sugars or fats can slow digestion and cause intestinal problems. Rabbits require a diet primarily based on high-quality fresh hay to stimulate normal gut movement.

2. Stress: Rabbits are highly sensitive to stress, which can result from environmental changes, loud noises, aggressive interactions with other animals, or even moving to a new home. Stress can significantly disrupt digestion.

3. Lack of exercise: Insufficient movement can slow intestinal transit. Rabbits need adequate space to run and jump, which helps stimulate digestion.

4. Underlying health issues: Infections, intestinal parasites, or dental problems can also lead to digestive disturbances. An imbalance in the intestinal flora may further impair digestion.

Symptoms of GI stasis

It is essential for rabbit owners to recognize the signs of GI stasis as early as possible. Common symptoms include:

• Decreased or absent appetite: The rabbit refuses food or eats significantly less than usual.

• Bloating: The abdomen may feel firm or appear swollen.

• Lethargy: The rabbit becomes less active, hides more, or appears unusually tired.

• Abnormal behavior: The rabbit may seem restless, grind its teeth, or adopt a hunched posture (a sign of pain).

• Lack of fecal output: Droppings become infrequent or stop altogether; they may also be very small or stuck together.

If one or more of these symptoms are observed, immediate veterinary attention is critical.

How to prevent GI stasis

1. High-fiber diet: Hay should make up the majority of the rabbit’s diet. Fresh, fiber-rich vegetables are recommended, while sugary or low-quality pellets should be limited.

2. Adequate hydration: Fresh water must be available at all times. Many rabbits prefer drinking from a bowl rather than a bottle.

3. Daily exercise: Ensure your rabbit has enough space to move freely and exercise. Small cages or restricted space can negatively affect digestive health.

4. Stress reduction: Provide a calm, secure environment, avoid sudden changes, and offer hiding places where the rabbit can rest and feel safe.

5. Regular veterinary checkups: Routine health exams can help identify underlying issues before they become serious.

Treatment of GI stasis

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, dietary adjustments, fluid therapy (such as subcutaneous fluids), and medications to stimulate gut motility may be prescribed by a veterinarian. In more severe cases, intensive care may be required, including injectable medications, diagnostic imaging (such as X-rays), or, in rare cases, surgery.

Conclusion

GI stasis is a medical emergency that requires rapid intervention. As a rabbit owner, understanding the risks, symptoms, and preventive measures is essential to safeguarding your companion’s health. If you suspect your rabbit is suffering from gastrointestinal stasis, do not wait—seek veterinary care immediately to prevent serious complications.